@prefix omtd: <http://w3id.org/meta-share/omtd-share/> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .

omtd:TrainingOfLanguageModels
  rdfs:label "Training of language models"@en ;
  skos:prefLabel "Training of language models"@en ;
  a owl:NamedIndividual, omtd:Operation, skos:Concept ;
  skos:broader omtd:LanguageModelling .

omtd:SupportOperation
  rdfs:label "Support operation"@en ;
  skos:prefLabel "Support operation"@en ;
  a owl:NamedIndividual, omtd:Operation, skos:Concept ;
  skos:narrower omtd:LanguageModelling .

omtd:TrainingOfNmtModels
  rdfs:label "Training of NMT models"@en ;
  skos:prefLabel "Training of NMT models"@en ;
  a owl:NamedIndividual, omtd:Operation, skos:Concept ;
  skos:broader omtd:LanguageModelling .

skos:Concept a owl:Class .
omtd:StatisticalLanguageModelling
  rdfs:label "Statistical Language Modelling"@en ;
  skos:prefLabel "Statistical Language Modelling"@en ;
  a owl:NamedIndividual, omtd:Operation, skos:Concept ;
  skos:broader omtd:LanguageModelling .

owl:NamedIndividual
  rdfs:label "Named individual"@en ;
  a owl:Class .

omtd:Operation
  rdfs:label "Operation"@en ;
  a owl:Class .

omtd:DialogueModelling
  rdfs:label "Dialogue modelling"@en ;
  skos:prefLabel "Dialogue modelling"@en ;
  a owl:NamedIndividual, omtd:Operation, skos:Concept ;
  skos:broader omtd:LanguageModelling .

omtd:TrainingOfMachineLearningModels
  rdfs:label "Training of Machine Learning models"@en ;
  skos:prefLabel "Training of Machine Learning models"@en ;
  a owl:NamedIndividual, omtd:Operation, skos:Concept ;
  skos:broader omtd:LanguageModelling .

omtd:SupportOperationCollection
  a owl:NamedIndividual, omtd:Operation, skos:Collection ;
  skos:prefLabel "Support operation Collection"@en ;
  skos:member omtd:LanguageModelling .

omtd:LanguageModelling
  skos:narrower omtd:TrainingOfLanguageModels, omtd:TrainingOfMachineLearningModels, omtd:DialogueModelling, omtd:StatisticalLanguageModelling, omtd:TrainingOfNmtModels ;
  skos:altLabel "Language Modeling"@en, "LM"@en ;
  skos:prefLabel "Language Modelling"@en ;
  skos:broader omtd:SupportOperation ;
  skos:inScheme omtd:OperationScheme ;
  rdfs:label "Language Modelling"@en ;
  a skos:Concept, owl:NamedIndividual, omtd:Operation ;
  skos:definition "A Statistical Language Models predicts a word given a sequence of already known words (i.e. the history). Ist can also be applied to other sequences of symbols (e.g. DNA). Very often the history contains just the previous two words. This is called a trigram. The parameters of statistical language models are estimated from a set of training examples. Data sparsity and smoothing of the estimates is one of the core problems. The best smoothing technique known so far is Kneser-Ney-Smoothing. Maximum-Entropy techniques are also under investigation and may be the method of choice for long-range language models (beyond trigram). Language models are used in text-compression, speech recognition, information retrieval and information extraction."@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The construction of statistical or Machine Learning language models"@en .

omtd:OperationScheme
  rdfs:label "Operation Taxonomy"@en ;
  skos:prefLabel "Operation Taxonomy"@en ;
  a owl:NamedIndividual, skos:ConceptScheme .